Lottery is a popular form of gambling that involves drawing lots to determine the winner of a prize. In most states, the winner is awarded a lump sum of cash. Other prizes include merchandise, vacations, vehicles, and other goods or services. Some lotteries are government-run, while others are privately organized. In the United States, state-run lotteries are regulated by state laws. Privately organized lotteries may be operated by nonprofit organizations, individuals, or groups of people.
The first public lotteries were held in Europe in the 15th century, when towns used them to raise funds to build town fortifications or help the poor. The term lotteries may have been derived from the Dutch noun lot meaning “fate”, or it could be a calque on the French word loterie, which means “action of drawing lots”.
By the 19th century, lotteries had become extremely popular in the United States and were regarded as a painless way to collect taxes. Public lotteries financed many American colleges, including Harvard, Dartmouth, Yale, King’s College (now Columbia), Union, and William and Mary, and helped with other projects as well. Privately organized lotteries also were common; Benjamin Franklin ran a lottery in 1768 to raise money for cannons to defend Philadelphia against the British, and Thomas Jefferson conducted a private lottery to relieve his crushing debts.
Lotteries are especially popular in times of economic stress, when the proceeds can be presented as supporting a particular public good, such as education. However, studies have shown that the objective fiscal circumstances of a state do not have much effect on whether or when a lottery wins broad public approval.